WEBVTT 00:00:04.751 --> 00:00:07.584 Life on earth can be described with two words: The birds... 00:00:07.626 --> 00:00:10.292 ...and the bees. When it comes to flowers, ... 00:00:10.334 --> 00:00:13.751 ...this actually involves the bees. Without bees no flowers. 00:00:13.751 --> 00:00:16.709 Without flowers no food. And without food, no humans. Enjoy. 00:00:16.751 --> 00:00:20.417 Without the honeybee, this would not have been possible, right? Right. 00:00:21.209 --> 00:00:23.709 That natural cycle is under pressure. 00:00:23.792 --> 00:00:26.459 Honeybees are an essential part of American food production, 00:00:26.501 --> 00:00:29.042 but they are dying off at an alarming rate. 00:00:29.042 --> 00:00:30.792 Honeybees are dying in large numbers. 00:00:31.209 --> 00:00:34.167 Pesticides are often blamed as THE cause. 00:00:34.542 --> 00:00:37.501 But according to beekeeper and biochemist BartJan Fernhout… 00:00:37.501 --> 00:00:41.751 honeybee deaths are mainly caused by a parasite. 00:00:42.250 --> 00:00:44.501 The Varroa destructor is the honeybee killer. 00:00:44.542 --> 00:00:48.250 On the largest island of Hawaii, Fernhout is breeding a super bee. 00:00:48.584 --> 00:00:51.125 And that is it. - And now she is pregnant? 00:00:51.125 --> 00:00:52.542 And now she is pregnant, yes. 00:00:52.584 --> 00:00:54.667 Congratulations. - Thank you 00:00:56.501 --> 00:00:58.834 In our research we go beyond the problems 00:00:58.918 --> 00:01:02.999 Looking for solutions and new perspectives. Looking for the plus. 00:01:10.876 --> 00:01:15.209 Welcome to Big Island, the largest island in the state of Hawaii. 00:01:15.584 --> 00:01:18.000 One of the most remote places in the world. 00:01:22.334 --> 00:01:28.167 Here, about 12 000 kilometres from home I am visiting the Dutchman BartJan Fernhout. 00:01:28.167 --> 00:01:30.375 He is trying to save the honeybee. 00:01:35.209 --> 00:01:37.250 Good morning. - Good morning. 00:01:37.292 --> 00:01:39.584 This really is the other side of the world, right? 00:01:39.626 --> 00:01:41.999 Literally the other side of the world. 00:01:42.584 --> 00:01:45.709 The bees here are affected by the Varroa mite. 00:01:46.042 --> 00:01:50.000 We put on beekeeping outfits to have a closer look at them. 00:01:51.083 --> 00:01:53.667 Lots of mosquitoes as well. - Yes, mosquitoes. 00:01:54.667 --> 00:01:57.459 Dengue virus. Last year. Yes. 00:01:59.125 --> 00:02:02.292 And this is? The smoke? - The smoker. This calms them. 00:02:02.334 --> 00:02:04.250 Or you distract them a bit. 00:02:04.292 --> 00:02:06.999 So you can open the hive more easily. 00:02:08.959 --> 00:02:10.876 Is it stuck because of the honey? 00:02:10.918 --> 00:02:14.542 The bees secure everything using resin they get from the trees. 00:02:19.167 --> 00:02:20.709 What are you looking for? 00:02:20.709 --> 00:02:26.042 I am looking for bees that are affected by Deformed Wing Virus. 00:02:26.918 --> 00:02:31.000 That are diseased bees that were infected through the Varroa. 00:02:31.042 --> 00:02:33.876 The Varroa destructor transmits the virus. 00:02:33.918 --> 00:02:37.083 The Varroa destructor is the real honeybee killer? 00:02:37.125 --> 00:02:40.000 The Varroa destructor really got the right name. 00:02:40.042 --> 00:02:42.792 It is the killer of the honeybee. Yes, absolutely. 00:02:43.000 --> 00:02:45.042 This one is affected? - Yes, you can see it. 00:02:45.083 --> 00:02:47.626 The wings are deformed. 00:02:47.626 --> 00:02:51.876 The colour isn't right, too dark. She can't walk properly.This one won't live very long. 00:02:53.125 --> 00:02:55.999 O look, there she goes. She can't hold on anymore. 00:02:56.918 --> 00:03:01.209 In Europe and America there are no colonies left without Varroa destructor. 00:03:01.250 --> 00:03:03.834 All colonies have Varroa. All colonies. 00:03:04.125 --> 00:03:07.459 And they are constantly reproducing. 00:03:07.959 --> 00:03:11.334 While they are doing so, they are spreading viruses and bacteria. 00:03:11.375 --> 00:03:12.751 And they die because of that. 00:03:12.751 --> 00:03:16.250 I don't know any better than that pesticides are responsible… 00:03:16.292 --> 00:03:18.876 for the massive deaths among bees. 00:03:18.876 --> 00:03:21.751 Yes, that is unfortunately what a lot of people think 00:03:21.792 --> 00:03:24.834 But the biggest problem is actually the Varroa. 00:03:25.083 --> 00:03:29.542 Pesticides can be a problem, especially when applied incorrectly. 00:03:29.584 --> 00:03:32.125 You can loose a large part of your bees that way. 00:03:32.167 --> 00:03:35.292 But pesticides are only used during a short part of the year. 00:03:35.334 --> 00:03:40.459 The Varroa destructor does damage for 24 hours, seven days per week, 12 months per year. 00:03:43.501 --> 00:03:47.417 The Varroa mite carries numerous viruses that can cause bee diseases. 00:03:47.876 --> 00:03:51.959 The mite attaches itself to bees and finds a cell on the comb to nest in. 00:03:52.292 --> 00:03:55.209 There it creates a hole in the larva of the bee. 00:03:57.501 --> 00:04:00.751 Some worker bees have the natural ability to... 00:04:00.751 --> 00:04:04.417 detect the Varroa and to destroy the infected larva. 00:04:05.834 --> 00:04:09.459 That natural ability is what Fernhout is looking for. 00:04:09.459 --> 00:04:11.375 And what he is using for the breeding. 00:04:13.417 --> 00:04:17.167 The essence is that we use the Varroa mite itself.. 00:04:17.209 --> 00:04:21.042 to find bees, to find queens, to find colonies... 00:04:21.042 --> 00:04:23.876 that remove the mites from the colony themselves. 00:04:23.918 --> 00:04:26.417 We call that being Varroa resistant. 00:04:28.209 --> 00:04:33.542 On an exotic location like Hawaii you sometimes run into unforeseen setbacks. 00:04:36.167 --> 00:04:41.459 During our visit there suddenly appear new craters on the sides of the volcano Kilauea. 00:04:41.459 --> 00:04:45.125 Lava flows through a residential area and swallows everything in its path. 00:04:45.125 --> 00:04:48.876 Just 15 kilometres away from Fernhouts base. 00:04:48.918 --> 00:04:51.417 A part of the bees are located in that area. 00:04:51.999 --> 00:04:53.542 They were all removed. 00:04:53.584 --> 00:04:56.751 These areas are being closed off completely... 00:04:56.792 --> 00:04:59.876 To prevent harm to both humans and animals. 00:04:59.876 --> 00:05:04.334 In some areas we managed to remove the colonies just in time. 00:05:08.209 --> 00:05:12.250 Despite the lava Hawaii is THE place to do the research. 00:05:12.250 --> 00:05:16.667 Fernhout shows me the places on the island where his team works. 00:05:19.918 --> 00:05:22.459 Why are you on Hawaii? 00:05:22.501 --> 00:05:24.167 There is no winter here. 00:05:24.209 --> 00:05:29.626 So we are able to breed two, sometimes three generations in one year. 00:05:29.667 --> 00:05:31.918 It is a Varroa paradise really. 00:05:31.918 --> 00:05:34.568 The Varroa can reproduce here for 12 months, 00:05:34.593 --> 00:05:36.893 because there is brood in the colonies for 12 months. 00:05:36.918 --> 00:05:38.417 That last bit is important. 00:05:38.459 --> 00:05:42.751 Because, to be able to research how you can breed bees that can defeat the Varroa mite... 00:05:42.751 --> 00:05:46.542 you will not only need bees, but also mites. 00:05:47.209 --> 00:05:53.667 On a certain moment, 200 extra Varroa mites will be added to each colony here. 00:05:53.709 --> 00:05:57.751 After 1.5 week we will look what the colonies have done with those mites. 00:05:57.751 --> 00:06:00.209 To see if they have removed the mites. 00:06:00.209 --> 00:06:05.250 That is the essence of the project: We want bees that remove the Varroa mite themselves. 00:06:06.209 --> 00:06:12.542 Can you see them, jumping on the bees. It is almost like a magic tric. 00:06:12.542 --> 00:06:17.292 As soon as they touch the bee. That bee has like three mites on it. 00:06:18.876 --> 00:06:22.125 In the lab every colony is assessed on how well... 00:06:22.125 --> 00:06:25.918 they detect the Varroa mite and remove the affected larvae. 00:06:29.292 --> 00:06:33.999 No, there is no mite. Only a little bit of poop from the larvae, the pupae. 00:06:34.542 --> 00:06:37.167 What does that mean? - That is a very good sign. 00:06:37.209 --> 00:06:41.375 Two weeks ago we added 200 mites to this colony. 00:06:41.375 --> 00:06:44.667 And now we are looking at: What have they done with the mites? 00:06:44.667 --> 00:06:48.709 If they are not Varroa resistant, then they will leave the mites. 00:06:48.751 --> 00:06:51.167 And then those mites can create offspring. 00:06:51.209 --> 00:06:54.584 We hope that we don't find anything. So this is a very good sign. 00:06:59.042 --> 00:07:03.375 When mated naturally,a honeybee queen will mate with as many as ten males. 00:07:03.417 --> 00:07:09.083 But here they perform artificial insemination using the semen from just one selected male. 00:07:21.167 --> 00:07:23.042 I gave her the semen now. 00:07:25.459 --> 00:07:30.042 And now she is pregnant? Congratulations. 00:07:30.292 --> 00:07:35.792 Fascinating to see. It makes me think of when I filmed at an IVF clinic. 00:07:35.834 --> 00:07:38.751 It may be a bit of a strange comparison. 00:07:38.751 --> 00:07:40.584 It is beautiful to see. 00:07:41.959 --> 00:07:45.501 No effort is spared to defeat the Varroa mite. 00:07:45.542 --> 00:07:48.000 There are treatments against the parasite. 00:07:48.042 --> 00:07:52.250 But those become less and less effective and are also harmful to the bees. 00:07:52.292 --> 00:07:56.292 I've kept bees for a very long time. I'm 54 and have kept bees since I was 14. 00:07:56.709 --> 00:07:58.250 As a beekeeper? - Yes. 00:07:58.417 --> 00:08:03.876 But when Varroa first struck during the 1980's, we as beekeepers did not have a choice. 00:08:03.918 --> 00:08:07.501 You have to fight that mite with pesticides or other chemicals. 00:08:07.501 --> 00:08:10.167 Otherwise your colonies die within one or two years. 00:08:10.209 --> 00:08:13.959 Here on Hawaii, if you don't treat, you lose your colonies within one year. 00:08:13.959 --> 00:08:16.999 Then as a beekeeper you are a poison mixer? - You have to. 00:08:16.999 --> 00:08:20.375 If not you will lose all your bees. Without bees no pollination. 00:08:20.417 --> 00:08:22.000 And without bees no honey. 00:08:22.709 --> 00:08:25.667 And that is not the only food that there is thanks to the bee. 00:08:25.959 --> 00:08:30.125 Of all crops on earth three-quarters is dependent on pollination by animals. 00:08:30.250 --> 00:08:32.999 The most important pollinator is the honeybee. 00:08:33.209 --> 00:08:37.792 They provide almost one third of all plant based food on earth. 00:08:37.999 --> 00:08:40.584 The honeybee pollinates cotton for clothing... 00:08:40.584 --> 00:08:44.501 but also coffee beans, rapeseed for diesel fuel and cocoa beans. 00:08:44.959 --> 00:08:47.292 The value of crops pollinated... 00:08:47.334 --> 00:08:50.751 by the honeybee and other pollinators is about 150 billion euros. 00:08:51.083 --> 00:08:54.125 A lot more than the largest food companies in the world. 00:08:57.667 --> 00:09:02.125 I am meeting David Thomas at a macadamia nut plantation. 00:09:05.417 --> 00:09:07.999 Good morning. Mr. Thomas. How are you doing. 00:09:08.542 --> 00:09:12.584 Doesn't look like ideal weather for the honeybee? - No, not today. 00:09:12.751 --> 00:09:17.999 So, what can we do? We can go out and just see what happens. 00:09:19.792 --> 00:09:23.042 Thomas is a professional beekeeper. His colonies produce... 00:09:23.042 --> 00:09:26.792 honey, on a large scale, and can be ordered for crop pollination. 00:09:29.626 --> 00:09:34.334 The bees haven't worked this one yet. It is not mature enough, it is just starting to open up. 00:09:34.459 --> 00:09:36.876 This bloom here is the right age… 00:09:36.876 --> 00:09:41.667 …but off course because of the rain, there is no bees on the flowers. 00:09:43.083 --> 00:09:44.626 So we have to wait for the sun. 00:09:44.626 --> 00:09:48.250 Yes, you have to wait for the sun to see the bees on the flowers. 00:09:48.959 --> 00:09:53.042 The bees do not work flowers in the rain. 00:09:54.167 --> 00:09:58.083 Neither do we. So, lets go under an umbrella. 00:10:00.250 --> 00:10:02.626 Do you also have hives in California? 00:10:03.167 --> 00:10:07.999 I sent some of my colonies to California of my business in Louisiana. 00:10:08.125 --> 00:10:12.125 How much? - This year we sent only one trailer load. 00:10:12.125 --> 00:10:15.959 That were 408 colonies. 00:10:17.999 --> 00:10:23.209 About two third of the managed honeybee colonies in the United States… 00:10:23.209 --> 00:10:26.959 …end up in California for the pollination of the almond blossom. 00:10:27.375 --> 00:10:31.626 Thomas pays a part of Fernhouts project and has high expectations. 00:10:32.083 --> 00:10:33.959 Varrao is our biggest problem. 00:10:34.167 --> 00:10:38.375 So if we get Varroa under control, then we can start working on other issues… 00:10:38.417 --> 00:10:42.334 … that are detrimental to the raising of the honeybee. 00:10:42.334 --> 00:10:46.083 And this might be a solution for this problem of the varroa? 00:10:46.999 --> 00:10:51.334 I think it is. - Why? 00:10:52.709 --> 00:10:57.209 Because I see in the colonies and the bees that we are raising… 00:10:57.250 --> 00:11:03.334 ... and the data we are collecting, the obvious benefits of what we are doing. 00:11:04.167 --> 00:11:07.999 And the result is there. Fernhout has managed to breed colonies... 00:11:07.999 --> 00:11:11.751 with bees that remove the assassin themselves. 00:11:14.876 --> 00:11:18.000 The research mainly takes place on the rainy eastern side... 00:11:18.042 --> 00:11:21.417 of the island, where there is a lot of food for the bees. 00:11:22.334 --> 00:11:24.626 We leave just the rain behind us... 00:11:24.626 --> 00:11:26.709 and search for the sun on the western side of the island. 00:11:27.292 --> 00:11:30.667 This is the real Hawaii, as we know it from the brochures. 00:11:30.667 --> 00:11:33.083 Exactly, that is where I also only know it from. 00:11:33.125 --> 00:11:36.167 That sounds strange, but I only know this from the brochures. 00:11:37.667 --> 00:11:41.125 And how do you explain this at home? Yes, haha. Ah, thank you. 00:11:41.375 --> 00:11:44.542 When she sees this, she will want to join me sometime! 00:11:44.999 --> 00:11:58.626 ♫ 00:11:59.167 --> 00:12:01.209 Ah, very good. Thank you. 00:12:01.751 --> 00:12:03.167 Enjoy your meal. 00:12:04.667 --> 00:12:07.999 It's a fact that if there were no bees... 00:12:08.209 --> 00:12:10.626 that eating an avocado, like we are doing now... 00:12:10.834 --> 00:12:13.542 would not be possible. - You would not have gotten one. 00:12:13.709 --> 00:12:15.918 Avocado really has to be pollinated properly. 00:12:16.125 --> 00:12:19.459 Actually, a lot of fruit and vegetables have to be pollinated. 00:12:19.626 --> 00:12:21.542 What was the moment that you thought: 00:12:21.709 --> 00:12:25.334 I really want to starting focusing on defeating the mite? 00:12:25.542 --> 00:12:27.417 I want to save the bees. 00:12:27.584 --> 00:12:30.334 When I lost two of my best queens. 00:12:30.542 --> 00:12:32.167 Two of my best colonies. 00:12:32.375 --> 00:12:36.292 I had treated the varroa mite according to the leaflet. 00:12:36.501 --> 00:12:39.542 But one of the side effects of the specific treatment... 00:12:39.584 --> 00:12:42.083 is that the queen can stop laying eggs. 00:12:42.125 --> 00:12:45.918 The worker bees do not like that and so they killed and replaced the queen. 00:12:45.959 --> 00:12:49.959 My colleague and myself had put a lot of effort into these two queens. 00:12:49.959 --> 00:12:53.083 I had to contain myself, it was just terrible. 00:12:53.125 --> 00:12:56.501 Then I thought: There has to be a different, better way to do this. 00:12:56.542 --> 00:12:58.501 Then I started reading and reading. 00:12:58.542 --> 00:13:02.125 And came to the conclusion: I think that there is a solution. 00:13:02.334 --> 00:13:05.709 And that is selecting for a naturally occurring trait... 00:13:05.751 --> 00:13:09.042 that the bees actually already have a little bit in them. 00:13:09.083 --> 00:13:11.375 A little bit, not enough, but they have it. 00:13:11.542 --> 00:13:15.417 But the environmental movement emphasizes that the big bee losses… 00:13:15.584 --> 00:13:19.250 are caused by pesticides. What you are saying is: I know better. 00:13:19.626 --> 00:13:21.792 Yes, what I'm saying is: Do both. 00:13:21.792 --> 00:13:25.459 Keep monitoring the pesticides, keep doing studies. 00:13:25.626 --> 00:13:28.751 Keep a close eye on it. But do something about the mite. 00:13:28.959 --> 00:13:31.751 Why aren't people listening to you and the story… 00:13:31.959 --> 00:13:35.709 about the Varroa mite? - Because this story is also… 00:13:35.918 --> 00:13:38.918 often told by the chemical industry. 00:13:39.125 --> 00:13:41.542 And then it is de facto not believed. 00:13:41.751 --> 00:13:43.459 I also have a background in that industry. 00:13:43.626 --> 00:13:46.999 That is the first thing I hear: O, he is from the industry. 00:13:47.042 --> 00:13:50.459 And a part of the program is also paid by the industry. 00:13:50.459 --> 00:13:52.250 A small piece, yes. 00:13:52.417 --> 00:13:55.459 We are very open about that. We make no secret of that. 00:13:55.626 --> 00:13:58.959 But because... Because of that you are automatically in the corner of... 00:13:59.167 --> 00:14:01.834 That is understandable, right? - Yes, absolutely. 00:14:02.000 --> 00:14:04.209 I don't hold that against people. 00:14:04.417 --> 00:14:07.083 I can only try to explain... 00:14:07.292 --> 00:14:10.751 What I just explained to you, and hope that people think: 00:14:10.959 --> 00:14:13.000 Maybe it's more complex. 00:14:16.292 --> 00:14:20.292 Fernhout works closely together with the United States Department of Agriculture. 00:14:20.334 --> 00:14:23.209 And so he regularly travels between the Netherlands, Hawaii... 00:14:23.209 --> 00:14:27.375 and the department in Baton Rouge, not far from the city of New Orleans. 00:14:27.626 --> 00:14:31.751 He regularly goes there to consult. This time I'm going with him. 00:14:32.042 --> 00:14:34.083 This is THE research centre... 00:14:34.083 --> 00:14:36.999 for bee behaviour and pollination. 00:14:38.000 --> 00:14:41.626 This is the sacred ground... This is our Mecca. 00:14:41.667 --> 00:14:43.918 Do you feel that way? - Yes, absolutely. 00:14:45.918 --> 00:14:49.459 These have been there all the time and have not been treated. 00:14:49.501 --> 00:14:51.125 Clearly progress. - Yes 00:14:52.584 --> 00:14:55.459 Fernhout discusses the progress of his research... 00:14:55.501 --> 00:14:57.584 with the head of the laboratory, Bob Danka. 00:14:59.375 --> 00:15:04.792 So, you have been working on it for more then 12 years, but you finally reached an important stage. 00:15:04.959 --> 00:15:10.042 Absolutely yes, the bees support themselves against this parasite. So that is great. 00:15:10.334 --> 00:15:16.584 But we need to figure out how to get the bees in appreciatable numbers to the commercial beekeepers. 00:15:16.626 --> 00:15:20.626 How important is BartJan to your project? - Critical. 00:15:21.125 --> 00:15:24.250 He schedules activities for the research and the breeding… 00:15:24.292 --> 00:15:29.501 … and makes decisions about what queens to mate with what drones. 00:15:29.709 --> 00:15:31.459 Very important decisions. 00:15:32.083 --> 00:15:35.501 The first who thought of bees that could remove the Varroa themselves... 00:15:35.542 --> 00:15:39.334 was an employee of the department, John Harbo. 00:15:39.709 --> 00:15:43.083 He has since retired, but Fernhout continues his work. 00:15:43.334 --> 00:15:45.959 When he is close by, he always goes for a visit. 00:15:46.209 --> 00:15:50.167 It is amazing to see that bees themselves are dealing with the problem. 00:15:50.209 --> 00:15:53.209 We did some experiments in 1995. 00:15:53.709 --> 00:15:57.834 Surprisingly the mite resistance popped up in our first experiment. 00:15:58.542 --> 00:16:01.792 So we have had some luck. And nobody believed it. 00:16:01.834 --> 00:16:06.918 They thought: "You can not breed against resistance to mites - it is like breeding sheep... 00:16:06.918 --> 00:16:09.792 ...for resistance to wolves." It can't be done. 00:16:10.501 --> 00:16:16.918 He was the first person who thought that there should be something in the bees. He is the father of the project. 00:16:17.250 --> 00:16:21.167 In a way, he is your hero. - He is my hero. Absolutely. 00:16:21.542 --> 00:16:23.876 And what about you? - He is a visionary. 00:16:24.083 --> 00:16:29.250 As far as being able to pick something up and recognize the opportunities that are there… 00:16:29.292 --> 00:16:30.834 … and then go with it. 00:16:31.125 --> 00:16:35.542 It is one thing to start, it takes courage to begin, 00:16:35.584 --> 00:16:38.834 but then it takes strength to finish. 00:16:39.584 --> 00:16:41.125 And the finish line is in sight. 00:16:44.542 --> 00:16:47.417 For the first time, on Hawaii, there are honeybee colonies... 00:16:47.459 --> 00:16:50.918 in the field, that are not affected by the mite. 00:16:51.167 --> 00:16:53.459 They are fully Varroa resistant. 00:16:53.876 --> 00:16:56.250 This is the best honey that you can get. 00:16:57.626 --> 00:17:00.584 That doesn't work, with the veil! Haha. It takes some getting used to. 00:17:02.167 --> 00:17:04.667 Delicious. Right? Yes. 00:17:06.792 --> 00:17:09.709 But this is actually the first time that you are publicly... 00:17:09.751 --> 00:17:13.125 sharing the results? - Yes, the first time I feel comfortable… 00:17:13.167 --> 00:17:14.876 showing this to someone like you. 00:17:15.083 --> 00:17:18.334 There have been big expectations for a long time that... 00:17:18.375 --> 00:17:20.334 something should be possible. 00:17:21.000 --> 00:17:24.375 But this is the first time that we have large colonies on... 00:17:24.375 --> 00:17:28.209 this scale, that are able to keep the Varroa in check. 00:17:29.792 --> 00:17:32.167 BartJan Fernhout, a passionate beekeeper... 00:17:32.209 --> 00:17:34.999 who goes against the current in trying to save the honeybee. 00:17:36.999 --> 00:17:40.083 Using this method, when would you be able to tackle the problem... 00:17:40.125 --> 00:17:43.626 of honeybees dying en masse? 00:17:44.000 --> 00:17:47.250 If everybody helps, so now we are talking about a lot of people... 00:17:47.292 --> 00:17:50.542 so when the beekeepers help, the breeders help... 00:17:50.751 --> 00:17:54.459 the food companies contribute, because there is a lot that needs to be financed... 00:17:54.626 --> 00:17:57.209 a lot of people need to be trained... 00:17:57.417 --> 00:18:00.751 if everybody helps, then you will go a long way in ten years. 00:18:02.167 --> 00:18:05.083 That is fantastic. - That would be fantastic. 00:18:05.125 --> 00:18:06.999 That would really be fantastic. 00:18:08.584 --> 00:18:12.792 This was Brandpunt+ for tonight, we are back on Tuesday at 9. 00:18:14.918 --> 00:18:18.459 That was a big decision, but I wasn't enjoying it anymore. 00:18:18.501 --> 00:18:20.959 Then I thought: There has to be a better way.